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}} |children = Robert Craig McNamara Kathleen McNamara Spears Margaret Elizabeth Pastor (née McNamara) |alma_mater = |religion = Presbyterian |signature = Robert S McNamara Signature.svg |branch = U.S. Army Air Forces |serviceyears = 1940–46 |rank = Lieutenant Colonel |awards = |footnotes = }} Robert Strange McNamara (June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, during which time he played a major role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Following that, he served as President of the World Bank from 1968 to 1981. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis.〔Radin, Beryl (2000), Beyond Machiavelli : Policy Analysis Comes of Age. Georgetown University Press.〕 McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions of the Pentagon into two centralized agencies: the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. Prior to his public service, McNamara was one of the "Whiz Kids" who helped rebuild Ford Motor Company after World War II and briefly served as Ford's President before becoming Secretary of Defense. A group of advisors he brought to the Pentagon inherited the "Whiz Kids" moniker. McNamara remains the longest serving Secretary of Defense, having remained in office over seven years. ==Early life and career== Robert McNamara was born in San Francisco, California.〔 His father was Robert James McNamara, sales manager of a wholesale shoe company, and his mother was Clara Nell (Strange) McNamara.〔network.nationalpost.com, ''(Vietnam-era U.S. Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara dead: report )'',, 6 July 2009, retrieved 6 July 2009〕〔sg.msn.com, ''(Former US defense secretary McNamara dies )'', 6 July 2009, retrieved 6 July 2009〕 His father's family was Irish and in about 1850, following the Great Irish Famine, had emigrated to the U.S., first to Massachusetts and later to California.〔booknotes.org, ''(In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam )'' (interview), 23 April 1995, retrieved 31 December 2011〕 He graduated from Piedmont High School in Piedmont in 1933, where he was president of the Rigma Lions boys club〔1933 Piedmont High Clan-O-Log〕 and earned the rank of Eagle Scout. McNamara attended the University of California in Berkeley and graduated in 1937 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics with minors in mathematics and philosophy. He was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity,〔http://www.phigam.org, ''(Robert McNamara (California at Berkeley 1937) Passes Ad Astra )'', 6 July 2009, retrieved 9 July 2009〕 was elected to Phi Beta Kappa his sophomore year, and earned a varsity letter in crew. McNamara was also a member of the UC Berkeley's Order of the Golden Bear which was a fellowship of students and leading faculty members formed to promote leadership within the student body. He then attended Harvard Business School and earned an MBA in 1939. After business school, McNamara worked a year for the accounting firm Price Waterhouse in San Francisco, then returned to Harvard in August 1940 to teach accounting in the business school and became the highest paid and youngest assistant professor at that time. Following his involvement there in a program to teach analytical approaches used in business to officers of the United States Army Air Forces, he entered the USAAF as a captain in early 1943, serving most of World War II with its Office of Statistical Control. One major responsibility was the analysis of U.S. bombers' efficiency and effectiveness, especially the B-29 forces commanded by Major General Curtis LeMay in India, China, and the Mariana Islands.〔Rich Frank: ''Downfall,'' Random House, 1999.〕 McNamara established a statistical control unit for XX Bomber Command and devised schedules for B-29s doubling as transports for carrying fuel and cargo over The Hump. He left active duty in 1946 with the rank of lieutenant colonel and with a Legion of Merit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert McNamara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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